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Glossary of Art Terms





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P


  • Paint layer

  • This is the actual layer or layers of color applied in the execution of a painting. This does include the ground or any other preparation including the varnish or final clear coating.

  • Palette

  • The palette refers to the actual flat surface the colors are mixed or laid out on and it also refers to the color scheme an artist uses for painting. For example, the Impressionists used a lighter palette with varying hues mixed with white.

  • Panel

  • Panels are painting surfaces that are made of wood or masonite. A rigid support with a sized grounding to prevent absorbing of paint.

  • Papier collé

  • A French term meaning 'stuck paper'. It is a type of collage which involves sticking layers of paper onto a support.

  • Papier decoupé

  • A French term meaning 'cut paper' and used in a type of collage.

  • Pastel

  • A pastel is a colored stick made of pigment mixed with just enough gum binder to hold the particles together. Pastels can vary in tint and hardness. Since they are basically chalk, pastels are very dusty and require fixatives to ensure there is no smudging. Paper with a tooth or a slight texture is the most common support for the pastel drawing, although many paintings are created on canvas with a base painting of watercolor or ink. Pastel is unsuitable for use over oil paints. Pastels do not fade but the paper used will fade in brightly lit conditions causing the pastels to look very different, especially if the paper is worked as part of the color scheme.

  • Pentimento

  • Derived from the Italian meaning 'repentance'. Pentimento are the changes in composition which a painter makes while producing a paiting. These alterations are visible in infra-red light and sometimes useful in determining the process a master painter used and in forgeries.

  • Performance art

  • The art of the artist posing and proposing himself for artistic manipulation. It also refers to the arts other than visual, such as dance and theatre.

  • Photomontage

  • This is the technique of arranging and gluing photographic images onto a surface like a collage.

  • Pictorial space

  • This is the illusion of space created 'behind' the picture plane suggesting a real depth and space. This may include an illusionistic continuation of the real space of the spectator into the separate, constructed space of the painting.

  • Picture plane

  • This is the plane occupied by the actual surface of the painting.

  • Pigment

  • Pigments are the pure powder colors from which paints are made.
  • Pointillism

  • A technique developed by Georges Seurat out of the theory of color. Small dots or blobs of paint are placed side by sdie to create an optical illusion. From afar, the eye will blend these dots into the illusion of a realistic scene but upon close inspection they appear as a confusing mass of dots.

  • Polychromatic

  • A paining executed in many colors.

  • Pop art

  • A movement of art that was the dominant form of art in England and America in the late 1950's and early 1960's. The term is derived from the word 'popular'. The movement considered a direct challenge to Abstract and Expressionism which preceeded it proving art is anything and everything.

  • Post Impressionism

  • A style that reacted against Impressionism. This group desired a return to the more Classical concepts of art and subject matter. See Post Impressionism

  • Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

  • See The Pre-Raphaelites

  • Priming

  • See Grounds





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