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Glossary of Art Terms





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William Bouguereau






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A


  • Abstract Art

  • A style of art that holds expression in form, space, and color as the aesthetic values of art and is not dependent upon a fundamentally naturalistic approach to subject matter. It is sometimes known as "Concrete Art".

  • Abstract Expressionism

  • A form of Abstract Art that originated in America in the 1950's which allows the subconscious to express itself. The artist is free from the portrayal of everyday subject matter, using chance and the subconscious in the creation of self- expressionism.

  • Academic

  • This is the painting discipline based on and conformed to the official standards set by the Academy in France. The Academy was first founded on Italian lines in the 1640's and was in control of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts until 1863. This included the control over the jurisdiction of the Rome Prize and other awards given in the official Salon exhibitions. The Academy was known as a conservative body, promoting a traditional style and method, based upon classical principals.

  • Action Painting

  • Also known as Gesturalism. This is a spontaneous action by the painter to express the subconscious in order to contribute to the personal dynamics of the work.

  • Aggregate

  • The inert or coarse ingredients mixed with cement in the making of concrete.

  • Alla Prima

  • This is an Italian phrase meaning painted solely wet in wet and usually, but not necessarily, in a single sitting. The artist works directly on the surface without preliminary under-painting or drawing. It is most commonly used with oil painting.
    See Alla Prima Techniques, Direct Painting.

  • Altered Books

  • It is any book, old or new that has been recycled into a work of art. They can be ... rebound, painted, cut, burned, folded, added to, collaged in, gold-leafed, rubber stamped, drilled or otherwise adorned. Please see our Altered Books Pages

  • Ambient Light

  • Broadly speaking, ambient light means the diffused and reflected light that fills the environmental outdoors. It can also be artificially set up, indoors with strategically placed lights.

  • Analytical Cubism

  • A phrase used in Cubism that seeks to analyze nature by breaking down its subject matter and then reconstructing it again. It concentrates on the architectural aspects of interlocking planes rather than on color.

  • Arricaccato

  • Although this term is not generally used, in fresco painting, it is the plaster coat underlying the final painting coat. It is traditionally composed of lime and sand.

  • Atelier

  • Also known as studio. Originally atelier had two meanings in nineteenth century France. The first meant a location where masters provided a studio and models for students who chose to study under them or a teaching studio. The other meaning is a studio where individual artists executed their own works. Most nineteenth century studios were designed with high ceilings and high northern light, which was the preference of academic painters. Poor painters used Garrets; cheaper, small spaces, with good light.

  • Automatism

  • A method of drawing where the pen is never lifted from the paper, allowing it to rove without any conscious planning.

  • Arriccio

  • A rough plaster surface consisting of lime and sand mixed in water. This is applied to a wall in the initial stages of Fresco painting.






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